Research Library

Clinical photobiomodulation light spectrum, energy density and timed dose are the guiding principles of Kyper.

Primary research is foundational to the development of the WaveFront and the WaveFront for Glaucoma. Below are the published, primary scientific resources we use to guide the development of the products we make available to you. Our research is comprehensively updated as published studies become available, incorporated into our research & development and ultimately, our products.

We are pleased to make these resources available directly to you here–each is linked to its publication site and is summarised (Abstract) for your convenience.

July 21, 2024

Photostimulation of Mitochondria as a Treatment for Retinal Neurodegeneration. Beirne et al. 2017

Absorption of photon energy by neuronal mitochondria leads to numerous downstream neuroprotective effects.
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July 15, 2024

Treatment With 670 nm Light Up Regulates Cytochrome C Oxidase Expression and Reduces Inflammation in an Age-Related Macular Degeneration Model. Begum 2013

Inflammation is an umbrella feature of ageing. It is present in the aged retina and many retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
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July 1, 2024

Photobiomodulation as a New Treatment for Dry Age Related Macular Degeneration. Results from the Toronto and Oak Ridge Photobimodulation Study in AMD Merry et al 2012

Purpose: Evaluation of Photobiomodulation as a new treatment for dry age related macular degeneration. This is the first study globally to use low powered Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in AMD.
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June 28, 2024

Low-level laser therapy improves vision in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Ivandic et al. 2008

The objective of this study of a case series was to examine the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
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June 21, 2024

Mitochondrial alterations of retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration Janos Feher 1, Illes Kovacs et al 2006

Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several age-related diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting primarily the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
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June 18, 2024

Blue light exacerbates and red light counteracts negative insults to retinal ganglion cells in situ and R28 cells in vitro Núñez-Álvarez 1, N N Osborne 2019

Neurones are dependent on their mitochondria to produce the necessary amounts of ATP for survival. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have a particularly large number of mitochondria which-unlike neurones in the brain-are exposed to visual light of 400-850 nm.
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June 2, 2024

Aging retinal function is improved by near infrared light (670 nm) that is associated with corrected mitochondrial decline. Sivapathasuntharam et al. 2017

Ageing is associated with cellular decline and reduced function, partly mediated by mitochondrial compromise.
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May 30, 2024

Visual light effects on mitochondria: The potential implications in relation to glaucoma. Osborne et al. 2016

Light of different wave-lengths have the potential to interact with four major mitochondrial protein complexes that are involved in the generation of ATP. Neurones of the central nervous system have an absolute dependence on mitochondrial generated ATP.
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May 22, 2024

Vitamin D rejuvenates aging eyes by reducing inflammation, clearing amyloid beta and improving visual function Vivian Lee et al 2012

Vitamin D(3) plays a key role in immune regulation and may protect against the aging process. A focal point for age-related changes is the outer retina of the eye where there is high metabolic demand resulting in a gradual increase in extracellular deposition, inflammation, and cell loss giving rise to visual decline.
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May 18, 2024

Targeting mitochondrial function to treat optic neuropathy. Gueven et al. 2016

Many reports have illustrated a tight connection between vision and mitochondrial function. Not only are most mitochondrial diseases associated with some form of vision impairment, many ophthalmological disorders such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy also show signs of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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